
A French existentialist philosopher, novelist, and public intellectual, Simone de Beauvoir shaped twentieth‑century thought on freedom, ethics, and gender. Her book
The Second Sex became foundational for modern feminist theory, arguing that womanhood is socially constructed rather than biologically fated. She maintained a lifelong partnership with Jean‑Paul Sartre while also forming significant relationships with others, documented in letters and memoirs. She had romantic and sexual relationships with both men and women; de Beauvoir is frequently described as bisexual in biographies, even if the label is retrospective.
From The Second Sex: “The body is not a thing, it is a situation: it is our grasp on the world and our sketch of our project.”

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